SRXXXIII: Engelbert Humperdinck, In Memoriam

Controversy and reception

Jynx's original design has been heavily criticized as resembling blackface actors

Jynx's appearance and design have received criticisms in various publications. Children's book author and cultural critic Carole Boston Weatherford published an article in the Greensboro News Record alleging that Jynx's design bore a striking resemblance to blackface actors, an image considered racist against blacks,^[22] and further described the Pokémon as "a dead ringer for an obese drag queen." She further attacked the Pokémon in the magazine Advertising Age, comparing it to Little Black Sambo and suggesting its name as also a possible derogatory remark towards blacks relating to voodoo.^[23] Since then, the Jim Crow Museum at Ferris State University has listed Jynx as an example of racism in modern material.^[24] In response, Gamefreak modified Jynx's design in localized versions of the games, a change which would several years later be reflected in the Japanese versions of the games and the anime series.^[5] In addition, episodes featuring the older Jynx design were censored, or completely removed from televised syndication by Warner Bros.^[25]

Criticisms still persist, such as 1UP.com which, in an article discussing the "lamest Pokémon" of the series, referred to it as the "infamous blackface Pokémon".^[26] Washington Post writer Mary C. Morton described Jynx as having "explicitly, albeit grossly caricatured, womanly features", and challenged the assertion that the games crossed gender barriers with such.^[27] In their podcast Retronauts they emphasized it further, noting the design as "creepy" and that it maintained the issue of racism still.^[28] IGN also criticized the design, characterizing Jynx as a "transvestite midget in racially offensive makeup".^[29] GameDaily ranked it first on their list of the "Top 10 Weirdest Looking Pokémon", noting its design suggested the presence of breasts, and echoing qualms regarding its resemblance to blackface performers.^[30] Games.net ranked it fourth on their "Top 10 Disturbingly Sexual Game Characters" list, questioning why the character was clothed in what resembled a "slinky dress and push-up bra".^[31] On the other hand, the book Gaming Cultures and Place in Asia-Pacific defended Jynx's design, suggesting Sugimori developed it to draw upon the humor of heta-uma (a term meaning bad/nice), and described the design as oscillating between the poles of good and bad, as a result offering diversity within the game and inviting scrutiny from players.^[32] GamesRadar described Magmar and Jynx as the Romeo and Juliet of Pokémon.^[33] GamesRadar's Carolyn Gudmundson compared Jynx to the Gothita line due to both's designs being based on an "overtly feminine form", though describing Gothita's line as "way less creepy".^[34] Author Loredana Lipperini described Jynx as an "opera singer".^[35] GamesRadar editor Carolyn Gudmundson listed "Humanoid" as one of the most overused Pokémon designs, listing Jynx and Mr. Mime as one of "the most infamous" examples.^[36]

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Carole Weatherford was one of my professors.