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Mr ProgFreak View Drop Down
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 16:57
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3#Encoding_audio

Why should I explain what MP3 compression does? The point of the test is to decide how - and if - these mp3 files sound differently from the original.Smile
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 16:54
^ You haven't answered my question - what does the 128kbps do? (or what does it mean? if you prefer)
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 16:43
^ ok, let's go back to your first post on this page:

Originally posted by Dean Dean wrote:

That test has always bothered me and I'm not sure it is as representative or definitive as they would like to think  it is. The problem for me is that the three formats were converted back to Red Book standard (16-bit @ 44.1Hz sampling) so they could be played back on the Marantz CD14 CD-Player - for that I don't find it that surprising that people found it difficult to tell one from the other.


I can't see the logic in that statement. Suppose for the sake of the argument that what you think is happening there during the mp3 encoding ... that would degrade the signal and make it more distinguishable from the original, not less as you suppose.

BTW: The third CD was created by converting the original CD to WAV and then burning it back to CD-R unchanged ... and only the worst audiophiles would claim that this process could affect the audio quality in any way.

As far as your other question is concerned:

Originally posted by Dean Dean wrote:


Then what do the 128kbps and 256kbps bitrates do?


These files contain a compressed audio stream. If the source was 16bit/44.1khz before the mp3 compression, the result after decompression will again be 16bit/44.1khz. There is no downsampling happening during encoding, and no upsampling happening during decoding.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 16:36
^ Then what do the 128kbps and 256kbps bitrates do?
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 16:27
^ sorry, that doesn't make any sense at all.

When you rip a CD, the first step is that the 16bit/44.1khz stream is extracted from the CD. Then, a 16bit/44.1khz MP3 is created from that stream. I don't know why you think that there is any upsampling happening ... the MP3 bitrate doesn't have anything to do with the resolution of the signal (16bit) or the sampling frequency (44.1khz).

They really just ripped the CD, created the mp3s from them and then decoded them back to WAV and burned that to CD.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 16:19
^ the WAV file burned onto CD was 16-bit sampled at 44.1KHz - the two mp3 files were encoded at 128kbps and 256kbps - in real terms this means the stereo signals were upsampled from 44.1kbps to 64kbps and 128kbps respectively before the MPEG compression algorhythm was run on the digitised data stream.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 15:51
^ what do you mean by "converted back"? The mp3s were simply decoded and the resulting WAV burned to CD ... there is no signal degradation involved in that process. And of course they had to do that ... how else could you conduct an unbiased test? The sources had to look totally identical to the contestants.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 15:43
^ That test has always bothered me and I'm not sure it is as representative or definitive as they would like to think  it is. The problem for me is that the three formats were converted back to Red Book standard (16-bit @ 44.1Hz sampling) so they could be played back on the Marantz CD14 CD-Player - for that I don't find it that surprising that people found it difficult to tell one from the other.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 14:54
http://www.geocities.com/altbinariessoundsmusicclassical/mp3test.html

I'm never getting tired of posting links to this test ...

I think that it's very difficult to conduct a truly objective test on this. So far I've heard many people say that they can hear those differences, but frankly I don't believe any of them. Please don't be offended by that ... I have my own ears, I think they're in quite good shape and I'm a skilled listener, and I can't hear a difference between CD and properly ripped mp3s. Neither could the guys that did the c't test. My own experience, combined with the test, far outweigh your statements - from my perspective of course.

BTW: I think it's entirely possible that an expensive CD player can sound better than FLACs played on a computer. It doesn't necessarily mean that the expensive player is "more audiophile" though. Often those expensive players included filters and "upsampling" circuitry that enhances the signal (makes it more "smooth"). Be that as it may, such enhancements are not part of the original audiophile philosophy, which is to preserve the original signal as accurately as possible.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 11:43
No, I can hear it every time. I've gone to re-ripping most of my stuff in FLAC for home listening. Hell, I can tell the difference between CD and FLAC too, but only if the CD is played on a real audio CD player and not the computer. Probably because the DAC in the CD player is superior to the one in my sound card.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 02:15
I got a great sound card for my pc about a year ago; that along with my fav winamp sound enhancement plugins.... i can hardly stand to listen to music in my truck anymore.


My precious 24 bit copies of PFM's Storia Un di Minuto and Per Un Amico Gold.... you can hear them breathing for goodness sake.


Originally posted by Mr ProgFreak Mr ProgFreak wrote:

There have been many studies that show that even on very good equipment it's often not possible to tell the original (CD/FLAC) apart from high bitrate MP3.



I suppose i sound like a typical audiophile diva here, but i dl MP3's (320 kbps) and purchase CD's quite frequently, and i can always tell the difference Big smile

Of course, i've had many people tell me that they can't hear the difference between mp3 (even high bit rate) and lossless quality. Perhaps i'm taking crazy pills or something. Smile




Edited by Dominic - July 03 2009 at 02:29
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 03 2009 at 02:01


I love these threads where I can't understand a bloody word


Jon Lord 1941 - 2012
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 02 2009 at 13:29
Originally posted by Mr ProgFreak Mr ProgFreak wrote:

Originally posted by Dean Dean wrote:

Of course as the signals get even smaller the digital distortion will get bigger (and the effective resolution smaller), while the analogue will remain undistorted.


Well, I'm not so sure about that. Even if that is the case, I've yet to hear this distortion. And I listen to many classical recordings on CD, which have some *very* silent parts. If the distortion happens like you describe, I'd say that those parts are still well above those 30dB distance from the noise floor. While I certainly agree that this distortion is not acceptable to a true audiophile (any degradation of the signal is not acceptable) ... but I have to ask: What difference does it make if it only happens for parts of the signal that we cannot hear?

That's kind of the point: all these numbers that people throw around to show how good a system is are ideal numbers created under unrealistic conditions and do not bear any resemblence to reality. The values are based upon single tones - music is a complex waveform that is naturally rich in harmonics so adding to those is not going to distract from your listenning pleasure unless it is extreme and harsh (eg clipping or excessive crossover distortion) - in my hyperthetical example the quiet passages are "only" 50dB below peak - but that is actually quite a lot (it is a power ration of 100,000:1) when most music has a range of no more than 20dB (100:1) and typically 10dB (10:1). If you distort a single piano tone by 3% it will still sound like a very accpetable piano - it won't sound like a Steinway or a Bosendorfer anymore but it will still sound like piano and not an electric organ.
 
I arbitarily chose 50dB (ie 30dB above a 80dB noisefloor) because it made the maths easier for me.
 
Originally posted by Mr ProgFreak Mr ProgFreak wrote:



It doesn't really matter whether I use my hi-fi system or the PC ... in terms of volume the limiting factor are my neighbours. But about those -146dB of >16bit digital audio: Even if we cannot use that - it would eliminate the distortion effects you mentioned, wouldn't it?
If you set your hi-fi to acceptable listening level to appease your neighbours for the peaks then the -50dB quiet passages would be approaching the threshold of human hearing.
 
Yes, higher resolutions reduce the distortion effects and IMO that is the only reason for going for high bit-resolutions - to effectively give a higher resolution to the smaller signals - in the above example a 24-bit signal would be 19-bits resolution at -50dB.
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Mr ProgFreak View Drop Down
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 02 2009 at 12:25
Originally posted by Dean Dean wrote:

Of course as the signals get even smaller the digital distortion will get bigger (and the effective resolution smaller), while the analogue will remain undistorted.


Well, I'm not so sure about that. Even if that is the case, I've yet to hear this distortion. And I listen to many classical recordings on CD, which have some *very* silent parts. If the distortion happens like you describe, I'd say that those parts are still well above those 30dB distance from the noise floor. While I certainly agree that this distortion is not acceptable to a true audiophile (any degradation of the signal is not acceptable) ... but I have to ask: What difference does it make if it only happens for parts of the signal that we cannot hear?

Originally posted by Dean Dean wrote:


Originally posted by Mr ProgFreak Mr ProgFreak wrote:


But to cut a long story short: In your opinion, how do the dynamic ranges of vinyl and CD compare? Realistically.
Realistically - they are to all intents and purposes the same. The actual dynamic range is limited more by the listening environment - you use a PC, I can no longer use headphones, others listen in a car - none of us are in -146dB environments. (I've been in an anechoic chamber and it's one of the most unsettling environments I know of - especially when it's pitch dark)


It doesn't really matter whether I use my hi-fi system or the PC ... in terms of volume the limiting factor are my neighbours. But about those -146dB of >16bit digital audio: Even if we cannot use that - it would eliminate the distortion effects you mentioned, wouldn't it?
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 02 2009 at 11:44
Angry
Originally posted by Mr ProgFreak Mr ProgFreak wrote:

One comment regarding the distortion of digital signals approaching the noise floor: Those signals are also very, very silent. I think that a vinyl pressing would have similar problems?
It depends on how close to the noise floor the signals are before the distortion becomes noticeable.
 
Assuming an 80dB noisefloor then 30dB above that the digital signal is effectively coded using a 5-bit resolution, which equates to around 3% THD - most of us would complain at 3% distortion on paper, but it is the actual harmonic content determines whether we like it or not (in general even = yes, odd = no) - the reality of valve (or tube) amplifiers is they have poor THD figures with a lot of even harmonics added by the output transformer, but people like them.
 
With a vinyl signal being 30dB above the noise-floor is still a signal that has the original 0.001% THD of the large amplitude signal and is still 31 times bigger than the noise in terms of voltage (actually it's even bigger than that since the noise is the RMS across the whole audio frequency spectrum) so it has retained its purity and can still be detected by the human ear as being distinct from the noise. (where as the digital signal is part of the noise).
 
Of course as the signals get even smaller the digital distortion will get bigger (and the effective resolution smaller), while the analogue will remain undistorted.
 
So in principle the digital dynamic range is not as pure as the analogue one, it is also added onto the inherent system noise of the audio recording and playback systems that is common to both analogue and digital.
Originally posted by Mr ProgFreak Mr ProgFreak wrote:


But to cut a long story short: In your opinion, how do the dynamic ranges of vinyl and CD compare? Realistically.
Realistically - they are to all intents and purposes the same. The actual dynamic range is limited more by the listening environment - you use a PC, I can no longer use headphones, others listen in a car - none of us are in -146dB environments. (I've been in an anechoic chamber and it's one of the most unsettling environments I know of - especially when it's pitch dark)
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 02 2009 at 11:20
Originally posted by Dean Dean wrote:

Originally posted by Mr ProgFreak Mr ProgFreak wrote:

^ the fact remains though that vinyl has inferior dynamic bandwidth ... I'd say that a digital medium with 14 bit resolution would be a good analogy.
Not without qualification it wouldn't. Tongue Expressing it like that is misleading.
 
14 bit resolution of vinyl is a measurement based upon the actual dynamic range (ie the amplitude of the signal above the measured noise floor) applied to the Effective Number Of Bits (ENOB) formula for an ideal ADC or DAC:
 
ENOB = (SINAD-1.76)/6.02 ... where SINAD is SNR+THD
 
Digital resolution is purely theoretical - a 24-bit DAC cannot achieve 24-bits in reality, the above formula is for calculating how many bits resolution the coder has achieved, not how many it can achieve in theory. 24Bits equates to a noise-floor of -146dB - an impossible figure (this number is thrown around by digitalphiles with wild abandon, but it is not very meaningful in real life) - the sole purpose of the formula is to measure the actual SINAD and then calculate how many bits your 24-bit DAC is actually achieving.
 
You can only compare ideal with ideal, effective with effective and actual with actual - you cannot compare ideal-digital with effective-analogue - that is misleading.
 
The 14-bits you quote for vinyl is the Effective number of bits based upon the noise-floor so must be equated to the Effective number of bits a DAC is producing in the same environment. So if the noise-floor is measured at -86dB in the analogue domain then it a DAC will achieve exactly the same (or worse) in the same system and therefore be 14-bits resolution too.
 
If the theoretical value for a DAC is 24-bits then to compare that with vinyl you have to use the theoretical value for that too, which for vinyl is infinite-bits.
 
There are other "problems" with this:
 
In the theoretical digital domain ENOB is limited purely by quantisation noise (which for low-level signals is 100% THD). In the analogue domain this is limited purely by thermal noise (which is SNR).
 
Therefore it is impossible to have digital signals that are below the noise floor whereas analogue signals can and do exist below the noise-floor. In fact digital signals that approach the theoretical noise-floor by 30dB are significantly distorted to make them unlistenable.
 
The surface noise of a vinyl is ratiometric to the signal - changing amplitude does not affect the SNR so does not affect the ENOB value - normalise to -6dB and the ENOB remains at 14-bits - this is not true with digital where the quantisation noise is fixed and quantifiable - changing the signal amplitude directly affects the ENOB value - if you normalise to -6dB you automatically reduce your 16-Bit code to 15-bits (and 24-bits to 23 etc.).
 
So while an analogue system can give a poor looking ENOB figure it is still subjectively better than a digital system with the same ENOB value. If this were not a true statement then 16-bit digital systems would be all we need and no one would bother trying to make 24 or 32 bit systems.
 
Essentially the noise-floor in an analogue system is external - in a digital system it is internal - the ADC and/or DAC sets the limit below which it is impossible to go. Increasing the number of bits (and the sampling frequency) of a coder is an attempt to remove the effect of this internal noise and therefore approach that of the analogue domain.
 
 
 
 
(As an aside you cannot use the term "bandwidth" for anything other than frequency - amplitude is referred to as dynamic headroom or dynamic range)


Thanks for clarifying that - and I'll remember to use the words bandwidth and range more appropriately.

One comment regarding the distortion of digital signals approaching the noise floor: Those signals are also very, very silent. I think that a vinyl pressing would have similar problems?

But to cut a long story short: In your opinion, how do the dynamic ranges of vinyl and CD compare? Realistically.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 02 2009 at 09:22
Wow Dean, thanks for the schooling. I never understood the science behind what my ears were telling me. It's interesting to note the proliferation of DAC and digital audio on the audiophile sites. The vast majority agree that LPs sound better, but the convenience of a music server with FLAC files for many is worth the tradeoff, and high end DACs are getting very, very good.

Personally, I'll keep what I have on vinyl, but FLACs are "good enough" for me. At a certain level, it's all about tradeoffs. The guy with $500,000 into his system is still making tradeoffs. Loudspeaker and amplifier design is all about tradeoffs as well. There is no "perfect," we just choose which shortcomings are least offensive.
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 02 2009 at 05:05
very nicely  put Dean! Clap
 
may i also mention that  as digital cd's are basically contructed from "bits" or samples they do not contain the  whole musical information, unlike analogue which contains ALL the information, but the gaps in the digital signal is so slight  the human ear could not really detect it, and the brain more than fills in the  gaps...so it really doesn't matter,  but i do play cd's of albums not available on vinyl on a £400 Rega Apollo and the lp's still sound better, many agree with me - just have a look at the prices they are fetching on the net, no one's buying them 'cos they're pretty ...Wink
 


Edited by mystic fred - July 02 2009 at 09:46
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 02 2009 at 04:43
Originally posted by Mr ProgFreak Mr ProgFreak wrote:

^ the fact remains though that vinyl has inferior dynamic bandwidth ... I'd say that a digital medium with 14 bit resolution would be a good analogy.
Not without qualification it wouldn't. Tongue Expressing it like that is misleading.
 
14 bit resolution of vinyl is a measurement based upon the actual dynamic range (ie the amplitude of the signal above the measured noise floor) applied to the Effective Number Of Bits (ENOB) formula for an ideal ADC or DAC:
 
ENOB = (SINAD-1.76)/6.02 ... where SINAD is SNR+THD
 
Digital resolution is purely theoretical - a 24-bit DAC cannot achieve 24-bits in reality, the above formula is for calculating how many bits resolution the coder has achieved, not how many it can achieve in theory. 24Bits equates to a noise-floor of -146dB - an impossible figure (this number is thrown around by digitalphiles with wild abandon, but it is not very meaningful in real life) - the sole purpose of the formula is to measure the actual SINAD and then calculate how many bits your 24-bit DAC is actually achieving.
 
You can only compare ideal with ideal, effective with effective and actual with actual - you cannot compare ideal-digital with effective-analogue - that is misleading.
 
The 14-bits you quote for vinyl is the Effective number of bits based upon the noise-floor so must be equated to the Effective number of bits a DAC is producing in the same environment. So if the noise-floor is measured at -86dB in the analogue domain then it a DAC will achieve exactly the same (or worse) in the same system and therefore be 14-bits resolution too.
 
If the theoretical value for a DAC is 24-bits then to compare that with vinyl you have to use the theoretical value for that too, which for vinyl is infinite-bits.
 
There are other "problems" with this:
 
In the theoretical digital domain ENOB is limited purely by quantisation noise (which for low-level signals is 100% THD). In the analogue domain this is limited purely by thermal noise (which is SNR).
 
Therefore it is impossible to have digital signals that are below the noise floor whereas analogue signals can and do exist below the noise-floor. In fact digital signals that approach the theoretical noise-floor by 30dB are significantly distorted to make them unlistenable.
 
The surface noise of a vinyl is ratiometric to the signal - changing amplitude does not affect the SNR so does not affect the ENOB value - normalise to -6dB and the ENOB remains at 14-bits - this is not true with digital where the quantisation noise is fixed and quantifiable - changing the signal amplitude directly affects the ENOB value - if you normalise to -6dB you automatically reduce your 16-Bit code to 15-bits (and 24-bits to 23 etc.).
 
So while an analogue system can give a poor looking ENOB figure it is still subjectively better than a digital system with the same ENOB value. If this were not a true statement then 16-bit digital systems would be all we need and no one would bother trying to make 24 or 32 bit systems.
 
Essentially the noise-floor in an analogue system is external - in a digital system it is internal - the ADC and/or DAC sets the limit below which it is impossible to go. Increasing the number of bits (and the sampling frequency) of a coder is an attempt to remove the effect of this internal noise and therefore approach that of the analogue domain.
 
 
 
 
(As an aside you cannot use the term "bandwidth" for anything other than frequency - amplitude is referred to as dynamic headroom or dynamic range)
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Direct Link To This Post Posted: July 02 2009 at 03:05
Originally posted by mystic fred mystic fred wrote:

frequencies - dynamics brings in the arbitrary subject of  "loudness", many remastered cd's have enhanced dynamics which trick the ear in thinking it is louder and clearer - sounds great in the car but a bit overwhelming in the living room, unless you want to annoy the neighbours!   Wink


Well, that's not a something you can blame the CD for. First of all, like you said, you experience this problem with some CDs. It's up to the guy who does the mastering ... if he decides to *reduce* the dynamics (not "enhance", as you put it) in order to increase the level of loudness ... you really can't blame the medium for that.

Originally posted by mystic fred mystic fred wrote:


 
on the distortion front, i have listened to distortion-free sound analogue sound for most of my life (except for live gigs!) and my hearing is still pin-sharp, i pass every test at the doctors, though constant exposure to ipod  would probably not be a good thing in years to come.... wait and see  hear...!
 
listening to some recent vinyl albums i suspect they have been recorded digitally and the inherent digital characteristics (pinched, compressed high frequencies)  have been transposed onto the vinyl recordings, they just don't sound like those old 60's lp's  - for years recording studios have been longing to ditch their expensive unreliable 32 track tape machines and cans of Ampex gold master tape and i guess they may have done it - a sad blow for the analogue fan, but "progress" is inevitable i suppose.. Ermm



IMO that's another myth ... if anything, CDs sound "pinched" or "sharp" because they contain more of the original high frequency parts of the signal than the vinyl edition. That's especially true if you compare a properly mastered CD (that is: not copied from vinyl) to a non-mint vinyl pressing. Of course the vinyl sounds warmer and softer ... because the treble parts are mostly gone.

Originally posted by mystic fred mystic fred wrote:


 
btw to return to the thread subject of audiophiles, i am not an audiophile because a real  audiophile would not be seen dead using cd's..Wink
 


Ok, the old vinyl vs. cd vs. mp3 discussion is probably off topic ... but like I said in the beginning: I consider myself to be an audiophile. I simply go one step further than you ... but I guess the difference between you and me is probably similar to the difference between you and a true audiophile.Wink
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